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Keywords

Unnecessary; caesarean section; ultrasonography; health education; Bangladesh

Title : Association of Ultrasonography and Health Education during Antenatal Visits among Pregnant Women to Reduce Unnecessary Caesarean Section in Bangladesh: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Control Trial

Authors : Habiba Shirin, Michiko Moriyama, K.A.T.M. Ehsanul Huq, Md Moshiur Rahman, Sumaya Binte Masud, Rowshan Ara Begum, Kamrunnahar Misty, and Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader

Journal Article Title: Methods and Protocols (Methods Protoc.)	Volume Number: 5	Publication Year : 2022	Issue Number: 6
Index: scopus	Ranking: Q2	Publisher Name: MDPI
Pages : 9
ISSN (Online): 2409-9279

**Funding Information:**
Funding Source : None

**Other Information:**
Direct Sustainable Development Goals : SDG3 Good Health & Well-being	Indirect Sustainable Development Goals : SDG1 No Poverty SDG4 Quality Education	Sustainable Development Sub Goals : Reduce maternal mortality Reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases and promote mental health and well-being Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services Achieve universal health coverage
Impact statement: This cluster randomized controlled trial addresses a critical health crisis in Bangladesh, where unnecessary caesarean sections (C/S) are estimated to account for 77% of all C/S procedures, placing an enormous financial and physical burden on families. By implementing a protocol of eight antenatal care (ANC) visits, additional ultrasonography, and targeted health education, the study evaluates how increased clinical monitoring and parental awareness can safely reduce elective surgeries. The findings will provide a vital evidence-based mandate for policymakers to prevent avoidable surgical complications—such as uterine rupture, infections, and neonatal respiratory distress—while significantly reducing hospital costs and improving the long-term well-being of mothers and children in resource-poor settings.	Collaboration: Partner University	Keywords: Unnecessary; caesarean section; ultrasonography; health education; Bangladesh

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